Monday, January 28, 2019

Alan Alda at the Screen Actors Guild Awards Reminded Us to Understand One Another


To a massive ovation, Alan Alda gave a brief acceptance speech when he received his well-deserved Life Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild. Smiling, looking frail, speaking firmly but gently, slowly, and with dignity, he said one of the most important things one could ever hear: that an actor’s job is to help us understand one another.

“This comes at a time,” he says, “when I’ve had a chance to look back on my life and to think about what it means to be an actor.”  His saw an actor’s job as “to get inside a character’s head, to search for a way see a life from that person’s point of view, another person’s vision of the world.”

He related the point to our political and cultural divisions: “It may never be more urgent to see the world through another person’s eyes when the culture is divided so sharply.”

He received the honor; he explained why the honor was so important. He was right, of course; we need to bridge the divides. We don’t have to agree with one another, but we need to understand. Epideictic speech at its best.

Alan Alda has, by the way, a long history of giving superb speeches, and his speech transcripts over the years have been included in speech anthologies.

P.S. Never forget how important good delivery is. Alda spoke conversationally, warmly, and with emphasis. He didn’t yell; he didn’t mumble; he paused frequently, made eye contact, and connected deeply with his audience.  For more about epideictic speech, search in the box to the right.




Friday, January 18, 2019

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez' First Congressional Speech Told a Story

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
I often told my public speaking students that audiences love stories. 

First-year Democratic congressional representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez made her debut speech in the House of Representatives. Although she was not the only speaker that day, she got the most attention. She told a story. Her story showed that she was loyal to her district, deplored the partial government shutdown, supported an immigrant, and talked about about American government – all in three and a half minutes. Just by telling a story. Her language had a good rhetorical flourish. Nice job.

She began: “Madam Speaker, today I rise to tell the story of one of my constituents, Yahey Obeid,” She explained that Obeid, who immigrated from Yemen as a child, had dreamed of becoming a pilot. He worked as an air traffic controller and continued to work without pay during the shutdown. 

She gave his bio: “He has been a Federal employee for 14 years, has two children, and a mortgage for his home in the Morris Park neighborhood of the Bronx.” The details showed that he was a person, like any native-born American, doing his best to raise a family.

She next showed why Obeid deserved his pay. She and Obeid had talked on the phone, she said. He had missed his paycheck. “He was telling me about how stressful his job is.... With weather changes, flight delays, staffing complexities, and a myriad of other issues, their days almost never go exactly to plan.”

Ocasio-Cortez’ story led to a moral conclusion: “It is terrifying to think that almost every single air traffic controller in the United States is currently distracted at work because they don’t know when their next paycheck is coming.” She mentioned New York’s high cost of living, with which she herself needed to cope. She noted that his family “cannot be reunified due to fears over the Muslim ban. Using parallel language, like President Donald Trump before her, Ocasio-Cortez continued: “His several-thousand-dollar-a-month Bronx mortgage is stressful enough. The anti-immigrant sentiment of this administration is stressful enough.” Her parallel phrasing added together to create a powerful effect: “is stressful enough…is stressful enough…is stressful enough.” Unlike President Trump, she said things that were accurate.

She went big: “The truth is this shutdown is about the erosion of American democracy and the subversion of our most basic governmental norms.” She noted that “It is not normal to hold 800,000 workers’ paychecks hostage. It is not normal to shut down the government when we don’t get what we want. It is not normal for public servants to run away and hide from the public that they serve. And it is certainly not normal to starve the people we serve for a proposal that is wildly unpopular among the American people.” Again, the parallel phrases added together: “It is not normal…It is not normal…It is not normal.” The audience can’t miss the real point: that what is happening is not normal.

Many conservatives say that we don’t really need our government's functions. As basic government services fall apart, every day of the partial shutdown proves them to be more and more wrong. Ocasio-Cortez struck the right issues and her story gave her argument a personal touch. She didn’t need to say that immigrants, government services, and hard work are good: her story proved those points for her. Stories are good. Speakers should tell stories.

People who speak effectively can make more difference than people who don't. Because she communicates so well, Ocasio-Cortez seems to have terrified conservatives. We’ll see how that goes, won’t we?



P.S.: Short speeches can be the best speeches. Roosevelt’s Pearl Harbor speech? The Gettysburg Address?

This little speech broke a C-Span record

Other speakers who used parallel language: William McKinley, Harrison Ford and Casey Gerald.

Here’s a transcript of Ocasio-Cortez’ speech. Scroll to pages H668-H669.

Photo: US Congress

Tuesday, January 15, 2019

Donald Trump Made Incompatible Promises to a Friendly Audience


President Donald Trump spoke yesterday to the American Farm Bureau Federation. He tried to ease farmers' concerns that his policies, like tariffs and the government shutdown, are hurting their businesses. Mr. Trump received almost 2/3 of the rural vote in the 2016 election, but farmers have not been thriving under his policies. The White House has not yet published a full transcript of the speech, and I might write more about it when I can read the entire text. It appears that he met their concerns more by showing affinity with them, by identifying with them, than by discussing realistic policies.

USDA photo
As I’ve mentioned before, people usually vote on strict party lines; rural voters, especially in the South and Midwest, often affiliate strongly with the Republican Party, and Trump began by showing affinity: “I’m proud to be a great friend of the farmer.” Affinity drove his message: he said that he supported farmers, so they should trust him to do right by them.

Mr. Trump’s rhetorical problem is that he has long opposed free trade, while American farmers export much of their harvest. China, it seems, responding to the trade war, has stopped buying soybeans from American farmers. Furthermore, the partial government shutdown has pretty much closed the US Department of Agriculture, whose many programs help farmers. According to the news, in this speech Mr. Trump promised the farmers that “The USDA is doing everything in its power to help farmers deal with the ongoing shutdown.” That seems unclear, since the USDA's programs aren't open.

Donald Trump
Mr. Trump's purpose in partially shutting down the government is to coerce Congress into funding a border wall. In his speech to the farmers, Mr. Trump insisted that the border wall, a major issue from his 2016 campaign, was essential: "When it comes to keeping the American people safe, I will never ever back down." Yet the farmers need immigrant employees to work on their farms. So, answering a farmer's question, Mr. Trump promised, but apparently did not explain, that he would make it easier for guest workers to cross the border to help farmers with their crops. That goal sounds incompatible with his anti-immigration policies.

My first impression is that talk is cheap and policy is hard. Running for office, a politician can say almost anything, promise opposite things, pledge to accomplish goals that cannot possibly happen (like Mexico paying for the wall), and respond to criticism by ignoring the issue and calling people names. Once the politician wins office, however, governance requires the politician to adopt real policies that have real effects. It is easy to make inconsistent promises; it is much harder to adopt inconsistent policies. Do workers get to cross the border, or not? Can farmers sell their crops overseas, or not? Will trade deals help or hurt? 

In this case, Trump’s signature policies – immigration control and trade restrictions – directly harm farmers’ interests. Most farmers continue to support Trump because they affiliate with the Republican Party and its conservative ideas.

If, however, Mr. Trump’s policies continue to harm farmers, and if he is not able to fulfill the vague and contradictory promises he made yesterday, how long will their support continue? Friendly audiences might be friendly and offer speakers their trust, but results also count. Time will tell.


P.S. Literary/rhetorical critic Kenneth Burke wrote brilliantly about the rhetorical method of identification, especially in his landmark book A Grammar of Motives

Farm Image link: https://newfarmers.usda.gov/first-steps
Donald Trump, official White House photo